The Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics

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An Overview of Dietary Approaches to Prevent the Development of Glaucoma


Affiliations
1 Department of Ophthalmology, Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
2 Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
3 Department of Biology, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
4 Department of Physiology and Promotive Health, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
     

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Glaucoma, the second-leading cause of blindness worldwide, silently and without warning can cause disabling vision loss that result from damage to the eye’s optic nerve. Glaucoma is characterized by Increased Intraocular Pressure (IOP) in some but not all cases. Faulty glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis or breakdown in the trabecular meshwork associated with aqueous outflow as well as compromised antioxidant defense systems have also been implicated. Researchers have found nutrient interventions may impact this vision-robbing glaucoma. Nutrients that can influence GAGs such as vitamin C and glucosamine sulfate may hold promise for glaucoma treatment. Vitamin C in high doses has also been found to lower IOP via its osmotic effect. Other nutrients holding some potential benefit for glaucoma include antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, caffeine, melatonin and herbs etc. Role of dietary fats and proteins in glaucoma is an emerging field of research with potential therapeutic benefits. Diabetics and persons without diabetes but at the higher levels of fasting glucose, fasting insulin and HbA1c may also be at greater risk of glaucoma suggesting that dietary sugars also play a role in development of glaucoma. Similarly, Mediterranean diet and Caloric restriction are safe, non-invasive and low-cost treatments which may be used as auxiliary measures for a long-term therapy of age-related eye diseases such as glaucoma. In this review, various modifiable nutrient factors, that may influence intraocular pressure and that have been studied in relation to the risk of developing glaucoma are discussed. This review also outlines future directions for research into the primary prevention of glaucoma.

Keywords

Glaucoma, Intraocular Pressure, Glycosaminoglycan, Antioxidant, Melatonin.
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  • An Overview of Dietary Approaches to Prevent the Development of Glaucoma

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Authors

Punam Kapur
Department of Ophthalmology, Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
Ashok Pathak
Department of Ophthalmology, Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
Shipra Gupta
Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
Mamta Bhardwaj
Department of Biology, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
Manjula Suri
Department of Physiology and Promotive Health, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India

Abstract


Glaucoma, the second-leading cause of blindness worldwide, silently and without warning can cause disabling vision loss that result from damage to the eye’s optic nerve. Glaucoma is characterized by Increased Intraocular Pressure (IOP) in some but not all cases. Faulty glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis or breakdown in the trabecular meshwork associated with aqueous outflow as well as compromised antioxidant defense systems have also been implicated. Researchers have found nutrient interventions may impact this vision-robbing glaucoma. Nutrients that can influence GAGs such as vitamin C and glucosamine sulfate may hold promise for glaucoma treatment. Vitamin C in high doses has also been found to lower IOP via its osmotic effect. Other nutrients holding some potential benefit for glaucoma include antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, caffeine, melatonin and herbs etc. Role of dietary fats and proteins in glaucoma is an emerging field of research with potential therapeutic benefits. Diabetics and persons without diabetes but at the higher levels of fasting glucose, fasting insulin and HbA1c may also be at greater risk of glaucoma suggesting that dietary sugars also play a role in development of glaucoma. Similarly, Mediterranean diet and Caloric restriction are safe, non-invasive and low-cost treatments which may be used as auxiliary measures for a long-term therapy of age-related eye diseases such as glaucoma. In this review, various modifiable nutrient factors, that may influence intraocular pressure and that have been studied in relation to the risk of developing glaucoma are discussed. This review also outlines future directions for research into the primary prevention of glaucoma.

Keywords


Glaucoma, Intraocular Pressure, Glycosaminoglycan, Antioxidant, Melatonin.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.21048/ijnd.2020.57.3.23638