The Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Hypovitaminosis-D, Altered Mineral Status and Electrolytes in Severe Falciparum Malaria


Affiliations
1 Department of General Medicine, VSS Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha - 768 017, India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


It is known that malaria and undernutrition are interrelated. The aim is to find out the role of vitamin-D and mineral homeostasis and alteration of electrolytes in severe falciparum malaria. Twenty five patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria and 60 patients with severe falciparum malaria enrolled in the study. The diagnosis of malaria was made by Giemsa stained peripheral blood smear and rapid diagnostic test. Blood was collected for vitamin-D assay, estimation of calcium, phosphate, magnesium, sodium and potassium along with hematological and biochemical tests. The serum level of vitamin-D (27.8 ± 13.6 ng/ml), calcium (8.8 ± 0.5 mg/dl), phosphate (3.1 ± 0.8 mg/dl), magnesium (1.2 ± 1.8 mg/dl), sodium (133.8 ± 11.4 mEq/L) and potassium (3.1 ± 1.9 mEq/L) were found low among patients with severe malaria. Therefore, the supplement of vitamin-D, minerals and electrolytes may improve mortality and morbidity.

Keywords

Vitamin-D, Undernutrition, Malaria, Giemsa Stained Peripheral Blood, Biochemical Tests, Morbidity.
User
Notifications

  • World malaria report: 2019, www.who.int.

  • World Health Organization, Communicable Diseases Cluster: Severe falciparum malaria. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 2000, 94, 1-90.

  • Shankar, A.H. Nutritional modulation of malaria morbidity and mortality. J. Inf. Dis., 2000, 182, 35-53. Doi:org/10.1086/315906.

  • He, X., Yan, J., Zhu, X., Wang, Q., Pang, W., Qi, Z., Wang, M., Luo, E., Parker, D.M., Cantorna, M.T., Cui, L. and Yaming Cao. Vitamin D inhibits the occurrence of experimental cerebral malaria in mice by suppressing the host inflammatory response. J. Immunol., 2014, 1400089. Doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1400089.

  • Sitprija, V. Altered fluid, electrolyte and mineral status in tropical disease with an emphasis on malaria and leptospirosis. Nat. Clin. Pract. Nephrol., 2008, 4, 91-101.

  • Mohapatra, M.K. and Das, S.P. The Malaria Severity Score: A method for severity assessment and risk prediction of hospital mortality for falciparum malaria in adults. J. Assoc. Phys. Ind., 2009, 57, 119-126.

  • Holick, M.F. Vitamin D deficiency. N. Engl. J. Med., 2007, 357, 266-281.

  • Guidelines for the treatment of Malaria, 3rd Edition. World HealthOrganization, 2015; 3rd edition: 1-62. www.who.int.

  • Bivona, G., Agnello, L., Sasso, B.L., Scazzone, C., Butera, D., Gambino, C.M., Iacolino, G., Bellia, C. and Marcello, C. Vitamin D in malaria: More hypothesis than clues. Heliyon, 2019, 5, e01183: doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01183.

  • Lee, W.M. and Galbraith, R.M. The extracellular actin-scavenger system and actin toxicity. N. Engl. J. Med., 1992, 326, 1335-1341.

  • Newens, K., Filteau, S. and Tomkins, A. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D does not vary over the course of a malarial infection. Trans. Roy Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 2006, 100, 41-44.

  • Davis, T.M.E., Singh, B., Choo, K. E., Ibrahim, J., Sulaiman, S.A., Kadir, Z.A. and Ismail, R. Dynamic assessment of parathyroid function in acute malaria. J. Int. Med., 1998, 243, 349-354.

  • Gazarini, M., Thomas, A., Pozzan, T. and Gracia, C.R. Calcium signalling in a low calcium environment, how the intracellular malaria parasite solves the problem. J. Cell Biol., 2003, 161, 103-110.

  • Lewis, D.J.M. Hypophosphatemia: a feature of malaria? Br. Med. J., 1987, 295, 416-417.

  • Garba, I.H. and Ubom, G.A. Potential role of serum magnesium measurements as a biomarker of acute falciparum malaria infection in adult patients. Biol. Trace. Elem. Res., 2006, 114, 115-120.

  • Vial, H.J., Thuet, M.J. and Philippot, J.R. Inhibition of the in vitro growth of Plasmodium falciparum by D vitamins and vitamin D-3 derivatives. Molec. Biochem. Parasito, 1982, 5, 189-198. doi: 10.1016/0166-6851(82)90020-2.

  • D’ Ambrosio, D., Cippitelli, M., Cocciolo, M.G., Nazzeo, D., Di Lucia, P., Lang, R., Sinigaglia, F. and Panina-Bordignon, P. Inhibition of IL-12 production by 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Involvement of NF-kappa B down regulation in transcriptional repression of the P-40 gene. J. Clin. Invest., 1998, 101, 252-262.

  • Chiu, K.C., Chu, A., Go, V.L. and Saad, M.F. Hypovitaminosis D is associated with insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 2004, 79, 820-825.

  • Li, Yc. Vitamin D regulation of the rennin angiotensin system. J. cell. Biochem., 2003, 88, 327-331.

  • Jasani, J.H., Sancheti, S.M., Gheewala, B.S., Bhuva, K.V., Doctor, V.S., Vacchani, A.B., Patel, V.R. and Dharya, L. Association of the electrolyte disturbances (Na+, K+) with types of severity of malaria parasite infection. J. Clin. Diagn. Res., 2012, 6, 678-681.

  • Hanson, J., Hussain, A., Charunwatthana, P., Hassan, M.U., Davis, T.M., Lan, S.W., Paul Chubb, S. A., Maude, R.J., Yunus, E.B., Haque, G., White, N.J., Day, N.P.J. and Arjen, M. Dondorp. Hyponatremia in severe malaria: evidence for an appropriate anti diuretic hormone response to hypovolemia. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 2009, 80, 141-145.

  • Ikekpeazu, E.J., Neboh, E.E., Aguchime, N.C., Maduka, I.C. and Anyanwu, E.G. A study on malaria parasitemia: effect on the sodium and potassium level. J. Biol. Med., 2010, 2, 20-25.


Abstract Views: 267

PDF Views: 1




  • Hypovitaminosis-D, Altered Mineral Status and Electrolytes in Severe Falciparum Malaria

Abstract Views: 267  |  PDF Views: 1

Authors

Manoj Kumar Mohapatra
Department of General Medicine, VSS Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha - 768 017, India
Prafulla Kumar Bariha
Department of General Medicine, VSS Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha - 768 017, India
Bunyanananda Padhee
Department of General Medicine, VSS Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha - 768 017, India
Biswajit Mohanty
Department of General Medicine, VSS Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha - 768 017, India
Subodh Kumar Nayak
Department of General Medicine, VSS Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha - 768 017, India

Abstract


It is known that malaria and undernutrition are interrelated. The aim is to find out the role of vitamin-D and mineral homeostasis and alteration of electrolytes in severe falciparum malaria. Twenty five patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria and 60 patients with severe falciparum malaria enrolled in the study. The diagnosis of malaria was made by Giemsa stained peripheral blood smear and rapid diagnostic test. Blood was collected for vitamin-D assay, estimation of calcium, phosphate, magnesium, sodium and potassium along with hematological and biochemical tests. The serum level of vitamin-D (27.8 ± 13.6 ng/ml), calcium (8.8 ± 0.5 mg/dl), phosphate (3.1 ± 0.8 mg/dl), magnesium (1.2 ± 1.8 mg/dl), sodium (133.8 ± 11.4 mEq/L) and potassium (3.1 ± 1.9 mEq/L) were found low among patients with severe malaria. Therefore, the supplement of vitamin-D, minerals and electrolytes may improve mortality and morbidity.

Keywords


Vitamin-D, Undernutrition, Malaria, Giemsa Stained Peripheral Blood, Biochemical Tests, Morbidity.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.21048/ijnd.2020.57.4.25674