![Open Access](https://i-scholar.in/lib/pkp/templates/images/icons/fulltextgreen.png)
![Restricted Access](https://i-scholar.in/lib/pkp/templates/images/icons/fulltextred.png)
![Open Access](https://i-scholar.in/lib/pkp/templates/images/icons/fulltextgreen.png)
![Open Access](https://i-scholar.in/lib/pkp/templates/images/icons/fulltext_open_medium.gif)
![Restricted Access](https://i-scholar.in/lib/pkp/templates/images/icons/fulltextred.png)
![Restricted Access](https://i-scholar.in/lib/pkp/templates/images/icons/fulltext_restricted_medium.gif)
An Update on Pain Control in Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics: A Review
Subscribe/Renew Journal
Any healthcare professional must be able to understand pain in order to better manage it. Dental pain can be caused by a variety of things and can manifest itself in many ways. Getting an appropriate diagnosis is the first step in dealing with tooth discomfort. Pain is evaluated using rating tools such as the Visual Analog Scale and questionnaires. Following a diagnosis, a variety of strategies for pain management can be utilized alone or in combination. None of the pain-relieving approaches will work until the underlying source of the pain is addressed. Dental pain can be relieved using a variety of pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. Patients with dental anxiety may have a decreased pain tolerance, which should be addressed with behavioral treatment. Premedication prior to anaesthetic administration has also been found to improve pain management. Analgesics like NSAIDS, aspirin and a few opioids like morphine are the cornerstones of pain management. Anaesthetics, which can be applied topically or in injectable forms, are another regularly utilized approach. Dental phobia can be overcome with analgesia or conscious sedation, which is commonly used in youngsters. Hypnosis, acupuncture and audio-analgesia have all been shown to be effective in the treatment of pain. Lasers have recently been investigated for the treatment of pain. Virtual reality has also been proven to be successful as a distraction tool. Pain can also be managed with a variety of tried-and-true home treatments. As a result, it’s crucial to recognize that pain treatment is a multifaceted process.
Keywords
Pain Management, Home Remedies, Analgesics, Dental Pain, Anaesthetics.
User
Information
- Alteryd, O. Think your pain away: The neurochemistry of placebo analgesia. 2019.
- PAIN, C. Pain management: Classifying, understanding and treating pain. Hospital Physician, 2002. 23, 1-8.
- Wepman, B. Psychological components of pain perception. Dental Clinics of North America, 1978, 22, 101-113.
- Rotstein, I. and Ingle, J.I. Ingle’s endodontics. 2019: PMPH USA.
- Osterweis, M., Kleinman, A. and Mechanic, D. Pain and disability: Clinical, behavioral and public policy perspectives. 1987.
- Nivethithan, T. and Raj, J.D. Endodontic pain-cause and management: A review. Int. J. Pharmac. Sci. Res., 2015, 6, 2723.
- COUNCIL, I. Pain: Current Understanding of Assessment, Management, and Treatments. 2001, Obtido em.
- Huang, D., Wun, E. and Stern, A. Current treatments and advances in pain and anxiety management. Dental Clinics of North America, 2011, 55, 609-618.
- Steeds, C. and Orme, R. Premedication. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Med., 2006, 7, 393-396.
- Ahmad, N., Grad, H.A., Haas, D.A., Aronson, K.J., Jokovic, A. and Locker, D. The efficacy of nonopioid analgesics for postoperative dental pain: A meta-analysis. Anesthesia progress, 1997, 44, 119.
- Becker, D.E. Pain management: Part 1: Managing acute and postoperative dental pain. Anesthesia progress, 2010, 57, 67-79.
- Moore, R.A., Derry, S., Aldington, D. and Wiffen, P.J. Single dose oral analgesics for acute postoperative pain in adults. Cochrane Database of System. Rev., 2015, 2015, 1-41.
- Alsarra, I., Alanazi, F.K., Mahrous, G.M., Rahman, A.A.A. and Al Hezaimi, K.A. Clinical evaluation of novel buccoadhesive film containing ketorolac in dental and post-oral surgery pain management. Die Pharmazie-An Int. J. Pharmac. Sci., 2007, 62, 773-778.
- Becker, D.E. and Phero, J.C. Drug therapy in dental practice: Nonopioid and opioid analgesics. Anesthesia progress, 2005, 52, 140-149.
- Meechan, J. Intra-oral topical anaesthetics: A review. J. Dentist., 2000, 28, 3-14.
- Kumar, M., Chawla, R. and Goyal, M. Topical anesthesia. J. Anaesthesiol., Clin. Pharmacol, 2015, 31, 450.
- Burgess, J. and Meyers, A. Pain management in dentistry. Medscape News and Education, 2015, 1-7.
- Berman, L.H. and Hargreaves, K.M. Cohen’s pathways of the pulp expert consult. 2015: Elsevier Health Sciences, 2015, 928.
- Roberson, T., Heymann, H. and Swift, E. Sturdevant’s Art and Science of Operative Dentistry St Louis. Missouri, Mosby, 2002.
- McCaughey, W., Adverse effects of local anaesthetics. Drug safety, 1992, 7, 178-189.
- Emmanouil, D.E. and Quock, R.M. Advances in understanding the actions of nitrous oxide. Anesthesia progress, 2007, 54, 9-18.
- Kapur, A. and Kapur, V. Conscious sedation in dentistry. Ann. Maxillofacial Surgery, 2018, 8, 320.
- Berger, M.M., Davadant, M., Marin, C., Wasserfallen, J.B., Pinget, C., Maravic, P., Koch, N., Raffoul, W. and Chiolero, R.L. Impact of a pain protocol including hypnosis in major burns. Burns, 2010, 36, 639-646.
- Ahad, M. Non pharmacological techniques in reducing dental anxiety and pain-A Review. 2020, 5, 1-7.
- Grillo, C.M., Wada, R.S. and de Sousa, M.d.L.R. Acupuncture in the management of acute dental pain. J. Acupunc. Merid. Stud., 2014, 7, 65-70.
- Weisbrod, R.L. Audio analgesia revisited. Anesthesia progress, 1969, 16, 8.
- Y?ld?z, E.D. and Arslan, H. Effect of low-level laser therapy on postoperative pain in molars with symptomatic apical periodontitis: A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. J. Endodont., 2018, 44, 1610-1615.
- Nadhreen, A., Alamoudi, N. and Elkhodary, H. Low-level laser therapy in dentistry: Extra-oral applications. Nigerian J. Clin. Prac., 2019, 22, 1313.
- López-Valverde, N., Fernandez, J.M., Lopez-Valverde, A., Juan, L.F.V., Ramirez, J.M., Fraile, J.F., Payo, J.H., Antona, L.A.B., Sousa, B.M. and Bravo, M. Use of virtual reality for the management of anxiety and pain in dental treatments: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Clin. Med., 2020, 9, 1025.
- Alqareer, A., Alyahya, A. and Andersson, L. The effect of clove and benzocaine versus placebo as topical anesthetics. J. Dentist., 2006, 34, 747-750.
- Ogle, O.E. Advanced intraoral surgery, an issue of oral and maxillofacial surgery clinics of North America, E-Book. 2021, 33. Elsevier Health Sciences.
![](https://i-scholar.in/public/site/images/abstractview.png)
Abstract Views: 298
![](https://i-scholar.in/public/site/images/pdfview.png)
PDF Views: 1